Wednesday, September 19, 2007

Demo of Monsanto Westinghouse's proposal for a
weekley Sunday newspaper strip in Stereoscopic *3-D*

BLAM_BLAM_BLAM 3-D graveyard comics

http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u79/BLAM_BLAM_BLAM/?action=view&current=637a8c87.pbw



[URL=http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u79/BLAM_BLAM_BLAM/?action=view&current=637a8c87.pbw][IMG]http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u79/BLAM_BLAM_BLAM/CharltonWar/th_FightinMarinesX017.jpg[/IMG][/URL]

BLAM_BLAM_BLAM
Demo of weekley Sunday newspaper strip
In Stereoscopic #-D (no glasses.)
http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u79/BLAM_BLAM_BLAM/?action=view&current=f6091c3b.pbw



[URL=http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u79/BLAM_BLAM_BLAM/?action=view&current=f6091c3b.pbw][IMG]http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u79/BLAM_BLAM_BLAM/avatars/th_radiationman.jpg[/IMG][/URL]avatars best




BLAM_BLAM_BLAM . . . 3-D +animated gifs avatars. I'm stuck.
http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u79/BLAM_BLAM_BLAM/?action=view&current=f6091c3b.pbw




[URL=http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u79/BLAM_BLAM_BLAM/?action=view&current=f6091c3b.pbw][IMG]http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u79/BLAM_BLAM_BLAM/avatars/th_radiationman.jpg[/IMG][/URL]

surreal third world landscape
http://mogki.tumblr.com/post/12154582
http://www.koollage.com/user/user.shtml












Steve Horton (THE_POET) 8:03
To: ALL 8 of 8
188.8

T Campbell recently posted that him and Gisele are making a pile of money on Wowio, a free downloadable PDF site. I'm hosting several creators on the site currently, and we're not making QUITE what he's making (as Penny & Aggie is very popular already), but every three months I get to PayPal or send a fat check to each of them. My collected webcomic is doing about $10 a day, every day, which is more than we've ever made through any other avenue.
======
Anyhow, you all might want to check it out. If you've got multiple books, consider going under your own banner. Otherwise, with one or two books (six issues or more), you'll want to latch on to an existing publisher, like me.

Send me a PM if you've got a webcomic or an indie book you want collected on there. I can help you put everything together.

Tony Lee's got some of Markosia's books on there too, among P&P folks. (P&P folks? It beats the alternative - P&Peeps.)


Just thought I should mention: Grounded Angel has earned our team $1,368 since going on the site in April. Other creators, who have managed to bring their audiences with them from print books and webcomics, are earning high four figures/low five figures. Something to think about!

Writer:
WEBCOMICS 2.0 from Muska & Lipman
PROFESSIONAL MANGA from Focal Press
Coming in 2008!






institute_for_advanced_magazine_studies

trans_global_comics_and_magazines


MonsantoWestinghouse029
trans_global_comics_and_magazines


http://www.blujay.com/?page=profile&profile_username=MonsantoWestinghouse

http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/Tom_Moody_Double_Centrifuge.gif
http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/german%20books/AWalkinMyNeighborhood103.jpg

MonsantoWestinghouse029@clubofmars.ning.com

Tuesday, September 11, 2007 11:51 AM
Learned_Hand>emigre 9 11 0007

http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=fff437f6.pbw
emigre birthday christmas gift party arty
[URL=http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=fff437f6.pbw][IMG]http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/th_MonsantoWestinghousesGold055.jpg[/IMG][/URL]
http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=fff437f6.pbw



[URL=http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=fff437f6.pbw][IMG]http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/th_MonsantoWestinghousesGold055.jpg[/IMG][/URL]

==============================
emigre birthday christmas gift party arty valentines day
http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=fff437f6.pbw



[URL=http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=fff437f6.pbw][IMG]http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/th_MonsantoWestinghousesGold055.jpg[/IMG][/URL]
floating
http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=06ffc954.pbw




[URL=http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=06ffc954.pbw][IMG]http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/th_MonsantoWestinghousesGold.jpg[/IMG][/URL]



Find more photos like this on The Club of Mars

9 11 0007 emigre slideshow
http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/

http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=d7662b2c.pbw



[URL=http://s165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/?action=view&current=d7662b2c.pbw][IMG]http://i165.photobucket.com/albums/u49/Learned_Hand/emigre%209%2011%200007/th_MonsantoWestinghousesGold.jpg[/IMG][/URL]
==================================================================
9 11 0007 emigre slideshow (MOS)
http://blog.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog&pop=1&ping=1
================================================================

Doperide Saliva

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrpZ8N5VtMM





http://www.killsometime.com/video/video.asp?ID=579









dumb blonde!





Trailer for the Filipino "Batman & Robin"
based on the 1966 Adam West version.

http://youtube.com/watch?v=wygrQ1rYeAQ








Grindhouse Unleashed and Uncensored!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttzi1-ujSPE




http://www.google.com/ig



Delta D Giclee Gallery and Design Atelier
60" x 48" giclee on archival paper FREE SHIPPING
$94.94 Customized
Institute for Advanced Magazine Studies
http://MonsantoWestinghouse.blujay.com
http://77siliconstrip.blogspot.com/
http://lilllouspokerparty.blogspot.com/
THE_GEEK_SHALL_INHERIT_THE_EARTH


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stukas
http://www.metacafe.com/watch/412652/world_war_2_stukas_music_video/

http://www.geekson.com/archives/archiveepisodes/2005/episode090105.htm

http://www.geekson.com/archives/archiveepisodes/2005/episode092605.htm




Here is an episode on Comicon 2005 with an interview with Vincent Zurzolo. The interview starts 35 minutes into the podcast. What a geek!
(Not that there's anything wrong with that. )
I'm glad I mentioned it since you're still enjoying the show! It's a good podcast.
Listening to anything else besides geekson?
I listen to "Around Comics"....has good parts, but is generally too long...
The John Byrne two-parter is must hear though

Also enjoy selected eps of "The Golden Age of Comic books"...very informative, very professional but Bill Jourdain makes for a better researcher/writer than presenter.

Pipeline ComicBook Podcast with Augie Deblieck isn't bad either, but I only listen to the ones that deal on TPBs as I don't buy weekly comics.

Listened to comicgeekspeak last week, the episode on owning and buying original comic art, tickled my fancy, but alas it was mostly about modern books.

Still looking for podcasts that deal with Silver and Bronze age...most of the ones out there are focussed on today or the last 20 years of comics..which isn't that interesting to me



Drag Racing Crashes Compulations
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wz8HdTCzQIE&mode=related&search=



Legendary CRASHES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TOQe-I86Fk&mode=related&search=




The Cool Hot Rod - 1953 - Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6KY-wq4trU&mode=related&search=



The Cool Hot Rod - 1953 - Part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gy5Rr3lwH0I&mode=related&search=



The Cool Hot Rod - 1953 - Part 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClnbMd8DK_g&mode=related&search=



Worst Stock Car Crashes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmSF_ZPBylk&mode=related&search=





These are the TOP TWO:
bombs over bahgdad
http://www.youtube.com/v/FZ7vFi29eGI" type="






Lazy Ramadi
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHBgwBWjx_8


http://www.firstshowing.net/2007/05/08/must-watch-new-trailer-for-the-zombie-comedy-fido/

My Favorite Online Videos

Universal Studios Employee Training Video (Parody/Satire)
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6493841613076981287&q=explosion

http://www.fugly.com/videos/2784/actofwar.html

http://www.break.com/movies/death_from_above.html
dead link

http://www.fugly.com/videos/5208/operation-phantom-fury.html

http://www.fugly.com/videos/3616/air_crashes.html

http://www.fugly.com/videos/1577/yorkshireterrierexplosion.html

http://www.fugly.com/videos/6183/know_your_limits_women.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_BD_WBg9aA&NR

My 11 yr.-old son stumbled across "THE INTERNET IS FOR PORN"
in his search for "NARUTO" animated music videos.
http://www.heavy.com/index.php?videoPath=/current/teriaki/videos/purposeoftheinternet

A different version mashed-up with Warcraft.
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5430343841227974645

The song is from a Broadway show called Avenue Q.

More? OK!

Used car dealer commercial from hell.
http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1735402



When a 3-year-old girl is asked about monsters.
http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1750427

Deranged roller coaster tycoon
http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1750566

AFSCME Commercial
Commercials aint what they used to be...
http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1747945

Sex in an Iraqi war zone
http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1700907

French news babe
http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1607981

Animated album art
http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1712031

http://www.challengeofthesuperduperfriends.com/teaser.asp



=========================================================================================

EBAY BLOG W/ YOUTUBE MySpace


Hobbies

Sex with women

Favorite Books

FIGHT CLUB, CYBERPUNK, SPLATTERPUNK, OVERSIZE GRAPHIC DESIGN DOORSTOPS, CHUCK PALAHNIUK, RAYMOND CHANDLER, BRET EASTON ELLIS', HENRY ROLLINS, MARK TWAIN, BOOKS FROM THE AMOK CATALOGUE, ReSEARCH, EMIGRE, RAYGUN, (Those last three are/were magazines.) Vanity Fair, too. Plus ARTFORUM and MILLIMETER, St. Petersburg Times and the Wall St. Journal

Favorite Movies

FIGHT CLUB, DEMONLOVER, RUMBLE FISH, OLD B/W FLIX ON TURNER CLASSIC MOVIES, The Castle of the Living Dead, 300

Favorite Music/Bands

DJ SHADOW RULES! BECK, TOO! Can't forget NEGATIVELAND or ART OF NOISE. Mad props go out to GETO BOYZ, THE PRODIGY, THE ORB, CHEMICAL BROTHERS & PIGFACE! ALL MASH-UPS

Favorite TV Shows

I don't watch TV. I don't own one. (I would watch HBO dramas, Adult Swim & MST3K)

Drag Racing Crashes Compulations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wz8HdTCzQIE&mode=related&search=




Legendary CRASHES

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TOQe-I86Fk&mode=related&search=




The Cool Hot Rod - 1953 - Part 1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6KY-wq4trU&mode=related&search=



The Cool Hot Rod - 1953 - Part 2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gy5Rr3lwH0I&mode=related&search=



The Cool Hot Rod - 1953 - Part 3

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClnbMd8DK_g&mode=related&search=



Worst Stock Car Crashes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmSF_ZPBylk&mode=related&search=





These are the TOP TWO:

Bombs over Bahgdad

http://www.youtube.com/v/FZ7vFi29eGI" type="



Lazy Ramadi

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHBgwBWjx_8


My Favorite Online Videos

Operation Phantom Fury in Fallujah on November 8, 2004

http://www.fugly.com/videos/5208/operation-phantom-fury.html



Used car dealer commercial from hell.

http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1735402



When a 3-year-old girl is asked about monsters.

http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1750427



Deranged roller coaster tycoon

http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1750566



Animated album art

http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1712031



More? OK! (I can't seem to embed these.)

Universal Studios Employee Training Video (Parody/Satire)
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6493841613076981287&q=explosion

AFSCME Commercial

Commercials aint what they used to be...

http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1747945

Stealth bomber explodes over London

http://www.fugly.com/videos/2784/actofwar.html

Air Crashes

http://www.fugly.com/videos/3616/air_crashes.html

My 11 yr.-old son stumbled across "THE INTERNET IS FOR PORN"
in his search for World of Warcraft (WOW)animated music videos.

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5430343841227974645

The song is from a Broadway show called Avenue Q.

Sex in an Iraqi war zone

http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1700907

French news babe

http://www.collegehumor.com/video:1607981

Women! Know Your Limits

http://www.fugly.com/videos/6183/know_your_limits_women.html

Yorkshire Terrier Explosion

http://www.fugly.com/videos/1577/yorkshireterrierexplosion.html

Challenge of the Super-Duper Friends

http://www.challengeofthesuperduperfriends.com/teaser.asp

Hypnotoad

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_BD_WBg9aA&NR

=========================================================================================

[b]Thank you all very much for your assistance.

I went with this:

store name: DE_LUXE'S_HOUSE_OF_RETRO
user name: trans_global_comics_and_magazines

and this is my buyer account user name:

institute_of_advanced_magazine_studies

It replaced blam_blam_blam_blam


The End.

OLD PARADIGM
NEW PARADIGM
Beliefs
Based on Bible
Blend of New Age & earth-centered religions
Culture
Western individualism
Global solidarity
Values
Based on the Bible
(absolute, unchangable truth)
Based on human idealism
(easy to manipulate)
Morals
Moral boundaries
Sensual freedom
Rights
Personal freedom
Social controls
Economy
Free enterprise
Socialist collective
Government
By the people
By those who control
the masses

A Metaphor for a Worldwide Paradigm Shift

©1996 The Estate of Arthur M. Young

Go to Arthur M. Young Page
Go to Essays and Journal Entries


WHAT IS A PARADIGM SHIFT?
day and night pic
SEKRIT PROJKT
Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born on July 18, 1922, in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. He received a Ph. D. in physics from Harvard University in 1949 and remained there as an assistant professor of general education and history of science. In 1956, Kuhn accepted a post at the University of California--Berkeley, where in 1961 he became a full professor of history of science. In 1964, he was named M. Taylor Pyne Professor of Philosophy and History of Science at Princeton University. In 1979 he returned to Boston, this time to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as professor of philosophy and history of science. In 1983 he was named Laurence S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy at MIT.

Of the five books and countless articles he published, Kuhn's most renown work is The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which he wrote while a graduate student in theoretical physics at Harvard. Initially published as a monograph in the International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, it was published in book form by the University of Chicago Press in 1962. It has sold some one million copies in 16 languages and is required reading in courses dealing with education, history, psychology, research, and, of course, history and philosophy of science. Structure has also generated a good deal of controversy, and many of Kuhn's ideas have been powerfully challenged (see Weinberg link below).

Throughout thirteen succinct but thought-provoking chapters, Kuhn argued that science is not a steady, cumulative acquisition of knowledge. Instead, science is "a series of peaceful interludes punctuated by intellectually violent revolutions" [Nicholas Wade, writing for Science], which he described as "the tradition-shattering complements to the tradition-bound activity of normal science." After such revolutions, "one conceptual world view is replaced by another" [Wade].

Although critics chided him for his imprecise use of the term, Kuhn was responsible for popularizing the term paradigm, which he described as essentially a collection of beliefs shared by scientists, a set of agreements about how problems are to be understood. According to Kuhn, paradigms are essential to scientific inquiry, for "no natural history can be interpreted in the absence of at least some implicit body of intertwined theoretical and methodological belief that permits selection, evaluation, and criticism." Indeed, a paradigm guides the research efforts of scientific communities, and it is this criterion that most clearly identifies a field as a science. A fundamental theme of Kuhn's argument is that the typical developmental pattern of a mature science is the successive transition from one paradigm to another through a process of revolution. When a paradigm shift takes place, "a scientist's world is qualitatively transformed [and] quantitatively enriched by fundamental novelties of either fact or theory."

Kuhn also maintained that, contrary to popular conception, typical scientists are not objective and independent thinkers. Rather, they are conservative individuals who accept what they have been taught and apply their knowledge to solving the problems that their theories dictate. Most are, in essence, puzzle-solvers who aim to discover what they already know in advance - "The man who is striving to solve a problem defined by existing knowledge and technique is not just looking around. He knows what he wants to achieve, and he designs his instruments and directs his thoughts accordingly."

During periods of normal science, the primary task of scientists is to bring the accepted theory and fact into closer agreement. As a consequence, scientists tend to ignore research findings that might threaten the existing paradigm and trigger the development of a new and competing paradigm. For example, Ptolemy popularized the notion that the sun revolves around the earth, and this view was defended for centuries even in the face of conflicting evidence. In the pursuit of science, Kuhn observed, "novelty emerges only with difficulty, manifested by resistance, against a background provided by expectation."

And yet, young scientists who are not so deeply indoctrinated into accepted theories - a Newton, Lavoisier, or Einstein - can manage to sweep an old paradigm away. Such scientific revolutions come only after long periods of tradition-bound normal science, for "frameworks must be lived with and explored before they can be broken." However, crisis is always implicit in research because every problem that normal science sees as a puzzle can be seen, from another perspective, as a counterinstance and thus as a source of crisis. This is the "essential tension" in scientific research.

Crises are triggered when scientists acknowledge the discovered counterinstance as an anomaly in fit between the existing theory and nature. All crises are resolved in one of three ways. Normal science can prove capable of handing the crisis-provoking problem, in which case all returns to "normal." Alternatively, the problem resists and is labeled, but it is perceived as resulting from the field's failure to possess the necessary tools with which to solve it, and so scientists set it aside for a future generation with more developed tools. In a few cases, a new candidate for paradigm emerges, and a battle over its acceptance ensues - these are the paradigm wars.

Kuhn argued that a scientific revolution is a noncumulative developmental episode in which an older paradigm is replaced in whole or in part by an incompatible new one. But the new paradigm cannot build on the preceding one. Rather, it can only supplant it, for "the normal-scientific tradition that emerges from a scientific revolution is not only incompatible but actually incommensurable with that which has gone before." Revolutions close with total victory for one of the two opposing camps.

Kuhn also took issue with Karl Popper's view of theory-testing through falsification. According to Kuhn, it is the incompleteness and imperfection of the existing data-theory fit that define the puzzles that characterize normal science. If, as Popper suggested, failure to fit were grounds for theory rejection, all theories would be rejected at all times.

In the face of these arguments, how and why does science progress, and what is the nature of its progress? Kuhn argued that normal science progresses because members of a mature scientific community work from a single paradigm or from a closely related set and because different scientific communities seldom investigate the same problems. The result of successful creative work addressing the problems posed by the paradigm is progress. In fact, it is only during periods of normal science that progress seems both obvious and assured. Moreover, "the man who argues that philosophy has made no progress emphasizes that there are still Aristotelians, not that Aristotelianism has failed to progress."

As to whether progress consists in science discovering ultimate truths, Kuhn observed that "we may have to relinquish the notion, explicit or implicit, that changes of paradigm carry scientists and those who learn from them closer and closer to the truth." Instead, the developmental process of science is one of evolution from primitive beginnings through successive stages that are characterized by an increasingly detailed and refined understanding of nature. Kuhn argued that this is not a process of evolution toward anything, and he questioned whether it really helps to imagine that there is one, full, objective, true account of nature. He likened his conception of the evolution of scientific ideas to Darwin's conception of the evolution of organisms.

The Kuhnian argument that a scientific community is defined by its allegiance to a single paradigm has especially resonated throughout the multiparadigmatic (or preparadigmatic) social sciences, whose community members are often accused of paradigmatic physics envy. Kuhn suggested that questions about whether a discipline is or is not a science can be answered only when members of a scholarly community who doubt their status achieve consensus about their past and present accomplishments.

Thomas Kuhn was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1954 and was awarded the George Sarton Medal in the History of Science in 1982. He held honorary degrees from institutions that included Columbia University and the universities of Notre Dame, Chicago, Padua, and Athens. He suffered from cancer during the last years of his life. Thomas Kuhn died on Monday, June 17, 1996, at the age of 73 at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was survived by his wife and three children.


If you would like more, try the following.

* Outline of the Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
* Synopsis of the Outline [as it appeared in The Philosopher's Magazine].
* Special issue on Kuhn from the journal Configurations.
* The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Revolutions, from marxist.org.
* Three scholars speak on Thomas Kuhn and Scientific Revolutions. Requires Real Audio.
* Kuhn at Malaspina University's Science Ring.
* Shifting Science - Kuhn, with a nice embedded glossary.
* A fine summary of Structure by Andreas Ehrencrona.
* A review of Structure by Steven Hodas.
* Review of Structure by Daniel P. Moloney.
* Thomas Kuhn: Paradigms Die Hard, by Imran Javaid for the Harvard Science Review.
* A Tribute to Thomas Kuhn, from @brint.com. Numerous links. Highly recommended.

* Thomas Kuhn and The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, developed by Dr. Michael Austin. First-rate. Numerous links.
* The Revolution that Didn't Happen - great reading by Steven Weinberg. Mirror site.
* Has There Ever Been a Paradigm Shift?, by by Arthur M. Young.
* The Function of Dogma in Scientific Research, by Craig Squires.
* On Science, Scientific Method And Evolution Of Scientific Thought, by Dr. Yogesh Malhotra.
* The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Revolutions, by Craig Squires.
* Review of Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History for Our Times, by Steve Fuller, Scientific American.
* Thomas Kuhn's Irrationalism, by James Franklin.
* Informative slide show on Scientific Knowledge from the Department of Physics at the University of Illinois.
* A brief biography.
* Scientific Progress, Relativism, and Self-Refutation, by Tim McGrew.
* Obituary from the New York Times.

MFP All rights reserved. You may link to this page for noncommercial, educational purposes, but its contents, in whole or in part, must not be copied or distributed electronically without appropriate citation.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In 1962, Thomas Kuhn wrote The Structure of Scientific Revolution, and fathered, defined and popularized the concept of "paradigm shift" (p.10). Kuhn argues that scientific advancement is not evolutionary, but rather is a "series of peaceful interludes punctuated by intellectually violent revolutions", and in those revolutions "one conceptual world view is replaced by another".

Think of a Paradigm Shift as a change from one way of thinking to another. It's a revolution, a transformation, a sort of metamorphosis. It just does not happen, but rather it is driven by agents of change.

For example, agriculture changed early primitive society. The primitive Indians existed for centuries roaming the earth constantly hunting and gathering for seasonal foods and water. However, by 2000 B.C., Middle America was a landscape of very small villages, each surrounded by patchy fields of corn and other vegetables.

Agents of change helped create a paradigm-shift moving scientific theory from the Plolemaic system (the earth at the center of the universe) to the Copernican system (the sun at the center of the universe), and moving from Newtonian physics to Relativity and Quantum Physics. Both movements eventually changed the world view. These transformations were gradual as old beliefs were replaced by the new paradigms creating "a new gestalt" (p. 112).

Likewise, the printing press, the making of books and the use of vernacular language inevitable changed the culture of a people and had a direct affect on the scientific revolution. Johann Gutenberg's invention in the 1440's of movable type was an agent of change. Books became readily available, smaller and easier to handle and cheap to purchase. Masses of people acquired direct access to the scriputures. Attitudes began to change as people were relieved from church domination.

Similarly, agents of change are driving a new paradigm shift today. The signs are all around us. For example, the introduction of the personal computer and the internet have impacted both personal and business environments, and is a catalyst for a Paradigm Shift. We are shifting from a mechanistic, manufacturing, industrial society to an organic, service based, information centered society, and increases in technology will continue to impact globally. Change is inevitable. It's the only true constant.

In conclusion, for millions of years we have been evolving and will continue to do so. Change is difficult. Human Beings resist change; however, the process has been set in motion long ago and we will continue to co-create our own experience. Kuhn states that "awareness is prerequisite to all acceptable changes of theory" (p. 67). It all begins in the mind of the person. What we perceive, whether normal or metanormal, conscious or unconscious, are subject to the limitations and distortions produced by our inherited and socially conditional nature. However, we are not restricted by this for we can change. We are moving at an accelerated rate of speed and our state of consciousness is transforming and transcending. Many are awakening as our conscious awareness expands.

Reference: Kuhn, Thomas, S., "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions", Second Edition, Enlarged, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1970(1962)

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In 1962, Thomas Kuhn published a groundbreaking book entitled The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In it, he argued that the progress of science is not gradual but (much as we now think of biological evolution), a kind of punctuated equilibrium, with moments of epochal change. When Copernicus explained the movements of the planets by postulating that they moved around the sun rather than the earth, or when Darwin introduced his ideas about the origin of species, they were doing more than just building on past discoveries, or explaining new experimental data. A truly profound scientific breakthrough, Kuhn notes, "is seldom or never just an increment to what is already known. Its assimilation requires the reconstruction of prior theory and the re-evaluation of prior fact, an intrinsically revolutionary process that is seldom completed by a single man and never overnight."[1]

Kuhn referred to these revolutionary processes in science as "paradigm shifts", a term that has now entered the language to describe any profound change in our frame of reference.

Paradigm shifts occur from time to time in business as well as in science. And as with scientific revolutions, they are often hard fought, and the ideas underlying them not widely accepted until long after they were first introduced. What's more, they often have implications that go far beyond the insights of their creators.

One such paradigm shift occurred with the introduction of the standardized architecture of the IBM personal computer in 1981. In a huge departure from previous industry practice, IBM chose to build its computer from off the shelf components, and to open up its design for cloning by other manufacturers. As a result, the IBM personal computer architecture became the standard, over time displacing not only other personal computer designs, but over the next two decades, minicomputers and mainframes.

However, the executives at IBM failed to understand the full consequences of their decision. At the time, IBM's market share in computers far exceeded Microsoft's dominance of the desktop operating system market today. Software was a small part of the computer industry, a necessary part of an integrated computer, often bundled rather than sold separately. What independent software companies did exist were clearly satellite to their chosen hardware platform. So when it came time to provide an operating system for the new machine, IBM decided to license it from a small company called Microsoft, giving away the right to resell the software to the small part of the market that IBM did not control. As cloned personal computers were built by thousands of manufacturers large and small, IBM lost its leadership in the new market. Software became the new sun that the industry revolved around; Microsoft, not IBM, became the most important company in the computer industry.

But that's not the only lesson from this story. In the initial competition for leadership of the personal computer market, companies vied to "enhance" the personal computer standard, adding support for new peripherals, faster buses, and other proprietary technical innovations. Their executives, trained in the previous, hardware-dominated computer industry, acted on the lessons of the old paradigm.

The most intransigent, such as Digital's Ken Olson, derided the PC as a toy, and refused to enter the market until too late. But even pioneers like Compaq, whose initial success was driven by the introduction of "luggable" computers, the ancestor of today's laptop, were ultimately misled by old lessons that no longer applied in the new paradigm. It took an outsider, Michael Dell, who began his company selling mail order PCs from a college dorm room, to realize that a standardized PC was a commodity, and that marketplace advantage came not from building a better PC, but from building one that was good enough, lowering the cost of production by embracing standards, and seeking advantage in areas such as marketing, distribution, and logistics. In the end, it was Dell, not IBM or Compaq, who became the largest PC hardware vendor.

Meanwhile, Intel, another company that made a bold bet on the new commodity platform, abandoned its memory chip business as indefensible and made a commitment to be the more complex brains of the new design. The fact that most of the PCs built today bear an "Intel Inside" logo reminds us of the fact that even within a commodity architecture, there are opportunities for proprietary advantage.

What does all this have to do with open source software, you might ask?

My premise is that free and open source developers are in much the same position today that IBM was in 1981 when it changed the rules of the computer industry, but failed to understand the consequences of the change, allowing others to reap the benefits. Most existing proprietary software vendors are no better off, playing by the old rules while the new rules are reshaping the industry around them.

I have a simple test that I use in my talks to see if my audience of computer industry professionals is thinking with the old paradigm or the new. "How many of you use Linux?" I ask. Depending on the venue, 20-80% of the audience might raise its hands. "How many of you use Google?" Every hand in the room goes up. And the light begins to dawn. Every one of them uses Google's massive complex of 100,000 Linux servers, but they were blinded to the answer by a mindset in which "the software you use" is defined as the software running on the computer in front of you. Most of the "killer apps" of the Internet, applications used by hundreds of millions of people, run on Linux or FreeBSD. But the operating system, as formerly defined, is to these applications only a component of a larger system. Their true platform is the Internet.

It is in studying these next-generation applications that we can begin to understand the true long-term significance of the open source paradigm shift.

If open source pioneers are to benefit from the revolution we've unleashed, we must look through the foreground elements of the free and open source movements, and understand more deeply both the causes and consequences of the revolution.

Artificial intelligence pioneer Ray Kurzweil once said, "I'm an inventor. I became interested in long-term trends because an invention has to make sense in the world in which it is finished, not the world in which it is started."[2]

I find it useful to see open source as an expression of three deep, long-term trends:

* The commoditization of software
* Network-enabled collaboration
* Software customizability (software as a service)

Long term trends like these "three Cs", rather than the Free Software Manifesto or The Open Source Definition, should be the lens through which we understand the changes that are being unleashed..


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Louis James's Blurbs
About me:
SURRENDERED BY MY OWN MOTHER: Unwanted and Unloved Institutionalized at birth. Adopted at six months by a dull upper-middle class couple from Kensington, MD. I have a "sister" who was adopted first. Carter Goodrich started it all. Blame him. We were four years old. He could whip out an amazingly realistic version of a Stuka flying straight at you, machine guns blazing. I couldn't. He had innate talent. I didn't. At least, not like he did. And I've been playing catch-up ever since. Eventually, I gave up trying to draw in a naturalistic manner. (Today, I'm all about rendering massive .jpg files, (upwards of 500K pixels) of my work in Photoshop.) BANISHED: Unwanted and Unloved, (Pt. 2) to the Linton Hall Military School & Fork Union Military Academy (1964-1969) I began doing my art at age 5 whilst institutionalized at a military boarding school run by an Order of Benedictine nuns in the countryside of central Virginia. For five years the only joy I felt was the proud satisfaction of perfectly painting and meticulously gluing together and decaling Revel and Monogram model kits. I probably built over 100 funny cars, planes, and ships. And then destroyed them just as creatively. Monsters, however, were my favorites. I didn't destroy them. (Currently it's fifty actual-sized and individually themed "I Dream of Jeannie" bottles. Onto which I affix as many fake gems as will fit as well as hand-painting each one differently. They are beautifully hand-crafted and lovingly detailed.) Realizing I'm a Geek The Beginning of My Long Descent Into the Maelstrom At age 10 I became absorbed into the fantasy world of science fiction, horror and superheroes. Green Lantern/Green Arrow stimulated my imagination and I fell in love with the realistic illustrations of Neal Adams. I was hooked. Permanantly. Later, I moved up to novels but to this day am still enamoured of the art of Mr. Adams, as well as Frank Frazetta, Jim Steranko and Barry Windsor-Smith. (A long-term work in progess is my 5-issue comic book anthology series, @77SILICONSTRIP. It'll make a nice graphic novel TPB one day, perhaps.) No artistic ability? Then write. Sun, Surf and Sand: Coming of Age in Paradise This is where I shine. I've written several short stories and as many unfinished novels. Poetry, essays and comic strips, too. Titles include, "Sex Pit" "The Unformed" "Helluva City" "Phoenix" "The Death Dealer" "The Marriage" and "The Resurrection" All unpublished. (Recently, I've been cobbling together a corporate history of the Charlton Publishing Co. and assembling a primer of Online Behavior and Etiquette.) Is writing too hard? Then direct. Pumping My Head Full of Arcane and Forbidden Knowledge I went to college to study to become a Hollywood filmmaker. But first, I learned all the theatre-craft I could. And writing for the stage and screen. And lighting. And acting. And sound. Finally, film. After interning at the local cable TV station, I was offered a paying position as a Producer. But off to Los Angeles I flew. (Before I left I launched my first company, Commercial Art Works, where I designed, silk-screened, airbrushed and sold a collection of sportswear. I was also the paid Lighting Director for the local semi-pro theatre.) They won't let you direct? Then produce. L. A. in the Eighties: My Punk/New Wave/Hip-Hop/Techno Aesthetic While attending film school and working on the fringes of the film and theatre community, I gravitated toward the music and art scene. These were the best years of my life. So far anyway. It was then that I began my professional photography career and created my first series of collages. Selected group exhibitions of my photography include the 0 and 01 Galleries. Towards the end of my stay I attained the level of Associate Producer, Screenwriter and Production Manager for Mod Sync Film Entertainment, a feature motion picture production company. After succumbing to alcoholism and a serious drug abuse problem, I moved back home to the Tampa/Saint Petersburg, FL., area. (I have a couple of ideas for some bogus documentaries I could shoot on the cheap. It'll, probably, never happen, though. Too busy. Got any spare interns that might be interested if I Exec. Produce/Put Up the Dough?) The Prodigal Son: His Version 2.0 (revised) As soon as I could, I returned to college for a degree in Management and planned to become a criminal trial lawyer. (It's the ham in me.) And I launched my second company, "I Do!" Professional Wedding and Portrait Photography plus Videos, which is an ongoing concern. I continued refining my photographic aesthetic, yet felt no need to exhibit any of my enlarged prints. It was here that I began a second series of collages that expanded upon my initial aspirations in this medium. I exhibited them in my friend's coffee shop. They stayed up when the exhibit came down. Soonafter, I initiated a third series of extra-large-format collages that, I feel, are my best work to date. Meticulously Forgotten Secrets of Silver Halide I married my high-school sweetheart. The one who conducted extra-marital affairs with me during both of her previous marriages. We had a son and divorced after 15 years together. I bought a house close to an open-air drug market. I'm charged with a fourth DUI and am facing some prison time. I'm doomed, of course. Hopefully, my art will persevere. My Avatar: My Hype: I'm anti-art world, (Daniel Clowes) until they accept me. My Art: I've been a collage artist since my first year at USF, Tampa, Fine Arts. Before that I was into feature motion picture production, theatre and TV in Tampa, 1971-1983, 1991-present, and L.A., 1983-1991 Currently, I'm a Fine Art Publisher. I own and run Delta D Gallerie and Giclee Atelier & Bar-B-Q (Li'l Lou's Poker Party is around back.) I print mostly my own Photoshoped photographs and collages: extra large archival ink and paper digital print-outs. Next? Onto vintage wallpaper. After that, heat transfer onto 3-D objects. I'm a pro still photog. I own and run "I Do!" Professional Wedding and Portrait Photograpy plus Videos" I've, probably, shot over 200 weddings I'm "The King of Romance" I'm a geek that hoards vintage comic books. I'm putting together the largest comprehensive collection of Romance/Love comic books for donation to...some institute of study; probably Eckerd College.